First Schedule 7 stop of a solicitor

The case is understood to be the first time police have used Schedule 7 of the Terrorism Act – which allows them to stop people without grounds for suspicion – to seize and copy the contents of a phone belonging to a solicitor in the UK.

Ansari said his phone contained work-related material, and that accessing it would breach the legal privilege of clients dating back 15 years.

Jude Bunting KC told a court hearing today that North Wales Police, which leads counter-terrorism policing in Wales, had failed to provide any reason for stopping Ansari and seizing the solicitor’s phone.

He told the court that Ansari’s phone contains communications with past and current clients, witnesses and legal counsel, stored on multiple applications and cloud-based services that are protected by legal privilege.

The phone contains details of at least 3,000 contacts, voice notes, memos, case papers, search terms and metadata, the overwhelming proportion of which is likely to be legally protected.

Ansari’s clients not a lawful reason for Schedule 7 stop

Bunting said Ansari had been targeted by police to obtain and access the contents of his mobile phone. A Schedule 7 stop cannot be justified on the grounds that Ansari’s clients are of interest to the police and the security service, he said.

The barrister said it was not reasonably practicable for an independent counsel to “sift” the legally privileged material on the phone, which makes up 95% to 98% of the content, from non-privileged material that police are allowed to access.

North Wales Police has refused to explain how material can be sifted, apart from simply asserting “there are adequate safeguards in place”, he said.

He said it was not practicable to identify keywords to carry out searches that would identify legally privileged material.

Police have given no explanation

The police have given no explanation why it was necessary to search Ansari’s mobile phone, let alone why it is necessary to search it now, Bunting told the court.

“There is a real risk that legally privileged material will be provided to the examining team. If this happens, the damage to the claimant will be irreparable,” Bunting wrote in legal submissions.

Georgina Wolfe, representing North Wales Police, said there was no evidence to support the assertion that Ansari had been stopped and his mobile phone seized and copied because of the clients he represents.

She argued that there was an effective, long-established procedure to sift legally privileged material from seized devices, under the Schedule 7 code of practice.

The court heard that the chief constable of North Wales Police had appointed an independent KC to review material on Ansari’s phone. “The chief constable has no intention of reviewing or sharing any legally privileged material,” said Wolfe.

In written submissions, Wolfe said that if any material is found that appears to suggest Ansari is a terrorist or requires further action by law enforcement, that material may be lawfully shared with other law enforcement agencies.

Wolfe told the court that North Wales Police accepted that Ansari acting as the legal representative of Hamas would not be a proper basis for stopping him under Schedule 7.

She told the court there was a proper reason for stopping him, but she was not in a position to share it in open court.

The judge, Justice Martin Chamberlain, said he did not accept that the chief constable of North Wales Police “could simply assert there was a proper basis for that search without saying what the reason was”.

Injunction refused

Chamberlain rejected arguments from Bunting to allow an interim injunction to prevent the contents of the phone from being examined until a judicial review could consider the lawfulness of the police decision to stop Ansari under Schedule 7.

“There was a strong public interest in allowing the chief constable to pursue an investigation into whether or not the claimant was involved in terrorism,” he said.

Wolfe had offered an undertaking that the independent counsel would not inform the chief constable, “or anybody else”, of the contents of the phone.

The judge said he accepted that this would involve some loss of confidentiality for Ansari, but said there was no risk of material from his phone being communicated to the police.

The court will make a ruling to hear an explanation from North Wales Police about why they stopped Ansari in a closed hearing before a special advocate later this month.

The judge suggested that the special advocate could make an argument for a “gist” of the reasons for the stop to be made public if that was appropriate.

Speaking before the hearing, Ansari said: “Even the police agree that my phone contains sensitive, privileged information. All I am asking the court on Monday is to make sure this material stays protected until a judge rules on whether the police acted lawfully in detaining me and seizing it.”

Campaign group Cage described Schedule 7 as an “exploitative power”. Cage’s head of public advocacy, Anas Mustapha, said: “Courts have repeatedly failed to claw back citizens’ rights undermined by Schedule 7. In this case, with the stakes so high, the judges ought to do more to defend civil liberties and the right to practice law without state harassment.”