OpenAI may have called GPT-5.2 its “most advanced frontier model for professional work,” but tests conducted by the Guardian cast doubt on its credibility. According to the report, OpenAI’s GPT-5.2 model cited Grokipedia, the online encyclopedia powered by xAI, when it came to specific, but controversial topics related to Iran or the Holocaust.

As seen in the Guardian‘s report, ChatGPT used Grokipedia as a source for claims about the Iranian government being tied to telecommunications company MTN-Irancell and questions related to Richard Evans, a British historian who served as an expert witness during a libel trial for Holocaust denier David Irving. However, the Guardian noted ChatGPT didn’t use Grokipedia when it came to a prompt asking about media bias against Donald Trump and other controversial topics.

OpenAI released the GPT-5.2 model in December to better perform at professional use, like creating spreadsheets or handling complex tasks. Grokipedia preceded GPT-5.2’s release, but ran into some controversy when it was seen including citations to neo-Nazi forums. A study done by US researchers also showed that the AI-generated encyclopedia cited “questionable” and “problematic” sources.

In response to the Guardian report, OpenAI told the outlet that its GPT-5.2 model searches the web for a “broad range of publicly available sources and viewpoints,” but applies “safety filters to reduce the risk of surfacing links associated with high-severity harms.”